In today’s world, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for more deaths than infectious diseases. These conditions are not caused by germs or viruses, but are often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and overall poor health.
In this article, we highlight five non-communicable diseases that cause the most deaths globally and in Rwanda — yet are largely preventable.
1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Known as the “silent killer of the heart,” hypertension often goes unnoticed until it leads to serious complications such as stroke or heart disease.
Causes:
High salt intake,
Stress,
Alcohol consumption or smoking,
Lack of physical activity
How to prevent it:
Eat a balanced diet low in salt,
Exercise regularly,
Manage stress effectively,
Get regular medical checkups
2. Cardiovascular Diseases
These include conditions such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, and other heart-related disorders.
Causes:
- Poor diet
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Lack of physical activity
How to prevent them:
- Eat more fruits and vegetables
- Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day
- Reduce fat intake in your diet
- Avoid smoking
3. Diabetes (Especially Type 2)
This is a disease caused by high blood sugar levels, primarily due to poor diet and lack of physical activity.
Causes:
Excessive sugar consumption,
Processed foods,
Obesity
How to prevent it:
Reduce sugar intake,
Stay physically active,
Maintain a healthy weight,
Get regular medical checkups
4. Cancer
There are many types of cancer, including breast, skin, colon, and prostate cancer. While not all forms are completely preventable, many are linked to lifestyle and environmental factors.
Causes:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Poor diet
- HPV infection (if not vaccinated)
- Exposure to contaminated or toxic environments
How to prevent it:
- Quit smoking
- Get the HPV vaccine (especially for girls)
- Undergo regular screenings and early testing
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet
- Avoid direct sun exposure without sunscreen
5. Obesity
Although not a disease itself, obesity is a major risk factor for many other serious conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
Causes:
Consuming foods high in fat and sugar,
Lack of physical activity,
Eating late at night,
Stress,
How to prevent it:
Control portion sizes and reduce overall food intake,
Exercise regularly,
Drink plenty of water,
Get enough sleep,
Choose nutritious, balanced foods
Note:
Non-communicable diseases can be significantly reduced through daily healthy behaviors. That’s why Frontier Polyclinic always reminds you: good health comes from good habits. Early diagnosis and timely action can help prevent serious consequences—even death—from non-communicable diseases.
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